Jump to content

Kid A

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kid A
Mountains and their reflections against a sea
Studio album by
Radiohead
Released2 October 2000 (2000-10-02)
Recorded4 January 1999 – 18 April 2000[1]
Studio
  • Guillaume Tell, Paris
  • Medley, Copenhagen
  • Radiohead studio, Oxfordshire
Genre
Length49:56
Label
Producer
Radiohead chronology
Airbag / How Am I Driving?
(1998) 		Kid A
(2000) 		Amnesiac
(2001)

Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead, released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone. It was recorded with their producer, Nigel Godrich, in Paris, Copenhagen, Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. Departing from their earlier sound, Radiohead incorporated influences from electronic music, krautrock, jazz and 20th-century classical music, with a wider range of instruments and effects. The singer, Thom Yorke, wrote impersonal and abstract lyrics, cutting up phrases and assembling them at random.

In a departure from industry practice, Radiohead released no singles and conducted few interviews and photoshoots. Instead, they released short animations and became one of the first major acts to use the internet for promotion. Bootlegs of early performances were shared on filesharing services, and Kid A was leaked before release. In 2000, Radiohead toured Europe in a custom-built tent without corporate logos.

Kid A debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and became Radiohead's first number-one album on the US Billboard 200. It was certified platinum in the UK, the US, Australia, Canada, France and Japan. Its new sound divided listeners, and some dismissed it as pretentious or derivative. However, at the end of the decade, Rolling Stone, Pitchfork and the Times ranked it the greatest album of the 2000s, and in 2020 Rolling Stone ranked it number 20 on its updated list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Kid A won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.

Radiohead released a second album of material from the sessions, Amnesiac, in 2001. In 2021, they released Kid A Mnesia, an anniversary reissue compiling Kid A, Amnesiac and previously unreleased material.

Background

[edit]

Following the critical and commercial success of their 1997 album OK Computer, the members of Radiohead suffered burnout.[2] The songwriter, Thom Yorke, became ill, describing himself as "a complete fucking mess ... completely unhinged".[2] He was troubled by new acts he felt were imitating Radiohead[3] and became hostile to the music media.[2][4] He told The Observer: "I always used to use music as a way of moving on and dealing with things, and I sort of felt like that the thing that helped me deal with things had been sold to the highest bidder and I was simply doing its bidding. And I couldn't handle that."[5]

Yorke suffered from writer's block and could not finish writing songs on guitar.[6] He became disillusioned with the "mythology" of rock music, feeling the genre had "run its course".[5] He began to listen almost exclusively to the electronic music of artists signed to the record label Warp, such as Aphex Twin and Autechre. Yorke said: "It was refreshing because the music was all structures and had no human voices in it. But I felt just as emotional about it as I'd ever felt about guitar music."[2] He liked the idea of his voice being used as an instrument rather than having a leading role, and wanted to focus on sounds and textures instead of traditional songwriting.[3]

Yorke bought a house in Cornwall and spent his time walking the cliffs and drawing, restricting his musical activity to playing the grand piano he had recently bought.[7] "Everything in Its Right Place" was the first song he wrote.[7] His lack of knowledge of electronic instruments inspired him, as "everything's a novelty ... I didn't understand how the fuck they worked. I had no idea what ADSR meant."[8] The guitarist Ed O'Brien had hoped Radiohead's fourth album would comprise short, melodic guitar songs, but Yorke said: "There was no chance of the album sounding like that. I'd completely had it with melody. I just wanted rhythm. All melodies to me were pure embarrassment."[6] The bassist, Colin Greenwood, said other guitar bands were trying to do similar things, and so Radiohead had to change and move on.[9]

Recording

[edit]
See also: Amnesiac (album) § Recording
Jonny Greenwood performing on an ondes Martenot in 2010

After the success of OK Computer, Radiohead bought a barn in Oxfordshire and converted it into a recording studio.[10][11] Yorke planned to use it as the German band Can had used their studio in Cologne, recording everything they played and then editing it.[6] As the studio would not be complete until late 1999, Radiohead began work in Guillaume Tell Studios, Paris, in January 1999.[6][12]

Radiohead worked with the OK Computer producer Nigel Godrich and no deadline. Yorke, who had the greatest control, was still facing writer's block.[6] His new songs were incomplete, and some consisted of little more than sounds or rhythms; few had clear verses or choruses.[6] Yorke's lack of lyrics created problems, as these had provided points of reference and inspiration for his bandmates in the past.[13]

The group struggled with Yorke's new direction. According to Godrich, Yorke did not communicate much,[14] and according to Yorke, Godrich "didn't understand why, if we had such a strength in one thing, we would want to do something else".[15] The lead guitarist, Jonny Greenwood, feared "awful art-rock nonsense just for its own sake".[6] His brother, Colin, did not enjoy Yorke's Warp influences, finding them "really cold".[13] The other band members were unsure of how to contribute, and considered leaving.[13] O'Brien said: "It's scary – everyone feels insecure. I'm a guitarist and suddenly it's like, well, there are no guitars on this track, or no drums."[6]

Radiohead experimented with electronic instruments including modular synthesisers and the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument similar to a theremin, and used software such as Pro Tools and Cubase to edit and manipulate their recordings.[6] They found it difficult to use electronic instruments collaboratively. According to Yorke, "We had to develop ways of going off into corners and build things on whatever sequencer, synthesiser or piece of machinery we would bring to the equation and then integrate that into the way we would normally work."[16] O'Brien began using sustain units on his guitar, which allow notes to be sustained infinitely, combined with looping and delay effects to create synthesiser-like sounds.[17]

In March, Radiohead moved to Medley Studios in Copenhagen for two weeks,[6] which were unproductive.[14] The sessions produced about 50 reels of tape, each containing 15 minutes of music, with nothing finished.[6] In April, Radiohead resumed recording in a mansion in Batsford Park, Gloucestershire.[6] The lack of deadline and the number of incomplete ideas made it hard to focus,[6] and the group held tense meetings.[14] They agreed to disband if they could not agree on an album worth releasing.[6] In July, O'Brien began keeping an online diary of Radiohead's progress.[18]

Radiohead moved to their new studio in Oxfordshire in September.[6] In November, Radiohead held a live webcast from their studio, featuring a performance of new music and a DJ set.[19] By 2000, six songs were complete.[6] In January, at Godrich's suggestion, Radiohead split into two groups: one would generate a sound or sequence without acoustic instruments such as guitars or drums, and the other would develop it. Though the experiment produced no finished songs, it helped convince O'Brien of the potential of electronic instruments.[6]

On 19 April 2000, Yorke wrote on Radiohead's website that they had finished recording.[20] Having completed over 20 songs,[21] Radiohead considered releasing a double album, but felt the material was too dense,[22] and decided that a series of EPs would be a "copout".[23] Instead, they saved half the songs for their next album, Amnesiac, released the following year. Yorke said Radiohead split the work into two albums because "they cancel each other out as overall finished things. They come from two different places."[23] He observed that deciding the track list was not just a matter of choosing the best songs, as "you can put all the best songs in the world on a record and they'll ruin each other".[24] He cited the later Beatles albums as examples of effective sequencing: "How in the hell can you have three different versions of 'Revolution' on the same record and get away with it? I thought about that sort of thing."[24] Agreeing on the track list created arguments, and O'Brien said the band came close to breaking up: "That felt like it could go either way, it could break ... But we came in the next day and it was resolved."[25] The album was mastered by Chris Blair in Abbey Road Studios, London.[26]

Tracks

[edit]
Radiohead recorded the strings for "How to Disappear Completely" in Dorchester Abbey, Oxfordshire.

Radiohead worked on the first track, "Everything in Its Right Place", in a conventional band arrangement in Copenhagen and Paris, but without results.[27] In Gloucestershire,[27] Yorke and Godrich transferred the song to a Prophet-5 synthesiser,[28] and Yorke's vocals were processed in Pro Tools using a scrubbing tool.[29] O'Brien and the drummer, Philip Selway, said the track helped them accept that not every song needed every band member to play on it. O'Brien recalled: "To be genuinely sort of delighted that you'd been working for six months on this record and something great has come out of it, and you haven't contributed to it, is a really liberating feeling."[27] Jonny Greenwood described it as a turning point for the album: "We knew it had to be the first song, and everything just followed after it."[29]

Yorke wrote an early version of "The National Anthem" when the band was still in school.[29] In 1997, Radiohead recorded drums and bass for the song, intending to develop it as a B-side for OK Computer, but decided to keep it for their next album.[29] For Kid A, Greenwood added ondes Martenot and sounds sampled from radio stations,[29] and Yorke's vocals were processed with a ring modulator.[30] In November 1999,[30] Radiohead recorded a brass section inspired by the "organised chaos" of Town Hall Concert by the jazz musician Charles Mingus, instructing the musicians to sound like a "traffic jam".[31]

The strings on "How to Disappear Completely" were performed by the Orchestra of St John's and recorded in Dorchester Abbey, a 12th-century church about five miles from Radiohead's Oxfordshire studio.[32][33] Radiohead chose the orchestra as they had performed pieces by Penderecki and Messiaen.[31] Jonny Greenwood, the only Radiohead member trained in music theory, composed the string arrangement by multitracking his ondes Martenot.[29] According to Godrich, when the orchestra members saw Greenwood's score "they all just sort of burst into giggles, because they couldn't do what he'd written, because it was impossible – or impossible for them, anyway".[34] The orchestra leader, John Lubbock, encouraged them to experiment and work with Greenwood's ideas.[35] The concerts director, Alison Atkinson, said the session was more experimental than the orchestra's usual bookings.[32]

Radiohead sampled this portion of "Mild und Leise", a 1973 computer music composition by Paul Lansky, for "Idioteque".

"Idioteque" was built from a drum machine pattern Greenwood created with a modular synthesiser.[29] It incorporates a sample from the electronic composition "Mild und Leise" by Paul Lansky, taken from Electronic Music Winners, a 1976 album of experimental music.[36] Greenwood gave 50 minutes of improvisation to Yorke, who took a short section of it and used it to write the song.[37] Yorke said it was "an attempt to capture that exploding beat sound where you're at the club and the PA's so loud, you know it's doing damage".[3]

"Motion Picture Soundtrack" was written before Radiohead's debut single, "Creep" (1992),[38] and Radiohead recorded a version on piano during the OK Computer sessions.[39] For Kid A, Yorke recorded it on a pedal organ, influenced by the songwriter Tom Waits. Radiohead added harp samples and double bass, attempting to emulate the soundtracks of 1950s Disney films.[29][40] Radiohead also worked on several songs they did not complete until future albums, including "Nude",[41] "Burn the Witch"[42] and "True Love Waits".[43]

Music

[edit]

Style and influences

[edit]
"Kid A"
The title track, a heavily processed electronic piece, demonstrates both Radiohead's increasing ambient electronic influences and the distortion of Yorke's voice, extensively done on the album.
"The National Anthem"
This song, featuring a horn section improvising over a repetitive bassline, demonstrates the band's increasing influence from jazz during this time period. Yorke cited Charles Mingus as his main inspiration here.
Problems playing these files? See media help.

Kid A incorporates influences from electronic artists on Warp Records[6] such as 1990s IDM artists Autechre and Aphex Twin;[2] 1970s Krautrock bands such as Can;[6] the jazz of Charles Mingus,[31] Alice Coltrane and Miles Davis;[3] and abstract hip hop from the Mo'Wax label, including Blackalicious and DJ Krush.[44] Yorke cited Remain in Light (1980) by Talking Heads as a "massive reference point".[45] Björk was another major influence,[46][30] particularly her 1997 album Homogenic,[47] as was the Beta Band.[48] Radiohead attended an Underworld concert which helped renew their enthusiasm in a difficult moment.[49]

The string orchestration for "How to Disappear Completely" was influenced by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki.[2] Jonny Greenwood's use of the ondes Martenot on several songs was inspired by Olivier Messiaen, who popularised the instrument and was one of Greenwood's teenage heroes.[50] Greenwood described his interest in mixing old and new music technology,[50] and during the recording sessions Yorke read Ian MacDonald's Revolution in the Head, which chronicles the Beatles' recordings with George Martin during the 1960s.[3] The band also sought to combine electronic manipulations with jam sessions in the studio, saying their model was the German band Can.[6]

Kid A has been described as a work of electronica,[51][52][53] experimental rock,[54] post-rock,[55][56] alternative rock,[57] post-prog,[58] ambient,[59] electronic rock,[60] art rock,[61] and art pop.[62] Though guitar is less prominent than on previous Radiohead albums, guitars were still used on most tracks.[3] "Treefingers", an ambient instrumental, was created by digitally processing O'Brien's guitar loops.[40] Many of Yorke's vocals were manipulated with effects; for example, his vocals on the title track were simply spoken, then vocoded with the ondes Martenot to create the melody.[3]

Lyrics

[edit]

Yorke's lyrics on Kid A are less personal than on earlier albums, and instead incorporate abstract and surreal themes.[63] He cut up phrases and assembled them at random, combining cliches and banal observations; for example, "Morning Bell" features repeated contrasting lines such as "Where'd you park the car?" and "Cut the kids in half".[64] Yorke denied that he was "trying to get anything across" with the lyrics, and described them as "like shattered bits of mirror ... like pieces of something broken".[24]

Yorke cited David Byrne's approach to lyrics on Remain in Light as an influence: "When they made that record, they had no real songs, just wrote it all as they went along. Byrne turned up with pages and pages, and just picked stuff up and threw bits in all the time. And that's exactly how I approached Kid A."[3] Radiohead used Yorke's lyrics "like pieces in a collage ... [creating] an artwork out of a lot of different little things".[6] The lyrics are not included in the liner notes, as Radiohead felt they could not be considered independently of the music,[65] and Yorke did not want listeners to focus on them.[3]

Yorke wrote "Everything in Its Right Place" about the depression he experienced on the OK Computer tour, feeling he could not speak.[66] The refrain of "How to Disappear Completely" was inspired by R.E.M. singer Michael Stipe, who advised Yorke to relieve tour stress by repeating to himself: "I'm not here, this isn't happening".[67] The refrain of "Optimistic" ("try the best you can / the best you can is good enough") was an assurance by Yorke's partner, Rachel Owen, when Yorke was frustrated with the band's progress.[6] The title Kid A came from a filename on one of Yorke's sequencers.[68] Yorke said he liked its "non-meaning", saying: "If you call [an album] something specific, it drives the record in a certain way."[5]

Artwork

[edit]

The Kid A artwork and packaging was created by Yorke with Stanley Donwood, who has worked with Radiohead since their 1994 EP My Iron Lung.[69] Donwood painted on large canvases with knives and sticks, then photographed the paintings and manipulated them with Photoshop.[70] While working on the artwork, Yorke and Donwood became "obsessed" with the Worldwatch Institute website, which was full of "scary statistics about ice caps melting, and weather patterns changing"; this inspired them to use an image of a mountain range as the cover art.[71] Donwood said he saw the mountains as "some sort of cataclysmic power".[72]

Donwood was inspired by a photograph taken during the Kosovo War depicting a square metre of snow full of the "detritus of war", such as military equipment and cigarette stains. He said: "I was upset by it in a way war had never upset me before. It felt like it was happening in my street."[70] The red swimming pool on the album spine and disc was inspired by the 1988 graphic novel Brought to Light by Alan Moore and Bill Sienkiewicz, in which the number of people killed by state terrorism is measured in swimming pools filled with blood. Donwood said this image "haunted" him during the recording of the album, calling it "a symbol of looming danger and shattered expectations".[73] Yorke and Donwood cited a Paris exhibition of paintings by David Hockney as another influence.[74]

Yorke and Donwood made many versions of the album cover, with different pictures and different titles in different typefaces. Unable to pick one, they taped them to cupboards of the studio kitchen and went to bed. According to Donwood, the choice the next day "was obvious".[75] In October 2021, Yorke and Donwood curated an exhibition of Kid A artwork at Christie's headquarters in London.[76]

Promotion

[edit]
Phil Selway discussing Kid A in 2000
Kid A's promotional campaign introduced the "Modified Bear" logo, used for later Radiohead marketing and merchandise.[77][a]

Radiohead minimised their involvement in promotion for Kid A,[81] conducting few interviews or photoshoots.[82] Though "Optimistic" and promotional copies of other tracks received radio play, Radiohead released no singles from the album. Yorke said this was to avoid the stress of publicity, which he had struggled with on OK Computer, rather than for artistic reasons.[81] He later said he regretted the decision, feeling it meant much of the early judgement of the album came from critics.[81]

Radiohead were careful to present Kid A as a cohesive work rather than a series of separate tracks. Rather than give EMI executives their own copies, they had them listen to the album in its entirety on a bus from Hollywood to Malibu.[83] Rob Gordon, the vice president of marketing at Capitol Records, the American subsidiary of Radiohead's label EMI, praised the album but said promoting it would be a "business challenge".[84]

No advance copies of Kid A were circulated,[85] but it was played under controlled conditions for critics and fans.[86] On September 5, 2000, it was played for the public for the first time at the IMAX theatre in Lincoln Square, Manhattan.[87] Promotional copies of Kid A came with stickers prohibiting broadcast before September 19. At midnight, it was played in its entirety by the London radio station Xfm.[88] MTV2,[89] KROQ, and WXRK also played the album.[2]

Rather than agree to a standard magazine photoshoot for Q, Radiohead supplied digitally altered portraits, with their skin smoothed, their irises recoloured, and Yorke's drooping eyelid removed. The Q editor Andrew Harrison described the images as "aggressively weird to the point of taking the piss ... All five of Radiohead had been given the aspect of gawking aliens."[90] Yorke said: "I'd like to see them try to put these pictures on a poster."[90] Q projected the images onto the Houses of Parliament, placed them on posters and billboards in the London Underground and on the Old Street Roundabout, and had them printed on key rings, mugs and mouse mats, to "turn Radiohead back into a product".[90]

Videos

[edit]

Instead of releasing traditional music videos for Kid A, Radiohead commissioned dozens of 10-second videos featuring Donwood artwork they called "blips", which were aired on music channels and distributed online.[91] Pitchfork described them as "context-free animated nightmares that radiated mystery", with "arch hints of surveillance".[92] Five of the videos were serviced as exclusives to MTV, and "helped play into the arty mystique that endeared Radiohead to its core audience", according to Billboard.[93] Much of the promotional material featured pointy-toothed bear characters created by Donwood. The bears originated in stories Donwood made for his young children about teddy bears who came to life and ate the "grown-ups" who had abandoned them.[75]

Internet

[edit]

Everything in the industry at that point was like, "The internet isn't important. It's not selling records" – everything for them had to translate to a sale. I knew the internet was [generating sales], but I couldn't prove it because every record had MTV and radio with it. [After Kid A was a success], nobody in the industry could believe it because there was no radio and there was no traditional music video. I knew at that point: this is the story of the internet. The internet has done this.

– Capitol executive Robin Sloan Bechtel, 2015[83]

Though Radiohead had experimented with internet promotion for OK Computer in 1997, by 2000 online music promotion was not widespread,[94] with record labels still reliant on MTV and radio.[83] Donwood wrote that EMI was not interested in the Radiohead website, and left him and the band to update it with "discursive and random content".[75]

To promote Kid A, Capitol created the "iBlip", a Java applet that could be embedded in fan sites. It allowed users to stream the album, and included artwork, photos and links to order Kid A on Amazon.[84][83] It was used by more than 1000 sites, and the album was streamed more than 400,000 times.[83] Capitol also streamed Kid A through Amazon, MTV.com and heavy.com, and ran a campaign with the peer-to-peer filesharing service Aimster, allowing users to swap iBlips and Radiohead-branded Aimster skins.[84]

Three weeks before release, Kid A was leaked online and shared on the peer-to-peer service Napster. Asked whether he believed Napster had damaged sales, the Capitol president, Ray Lott, likened the situation to unfounded concern about home taping in the 1980s and said: "I'm trying to sell as many Radiohead albums as possible. If I worried about what Napster would do, I wouldn't sell as many albums."[84] Yorke said Napster "encourages enthusiasm for music in a way that the music industry has long forgotten to do".[95]

The commercial success of Kid A suggested that leaks might not be as damaging as many had assumed.[96] The music journalist Brent DiCrescenzo argued that the Napster leak profoundly affected the way Kid A was received, surprising listeners who would patiently download new tracks to find they comprised "four minutes of ambient noise".[93]

Tour

[edit]

Radiohead rearranged the Kid A songs to perform them live. O'Brien said, "You couldn't do Kid A live and be true to the record. You would have to do it like an art installation ... When we played live, we put the human element back into it."[97] Selway said they "found some new life" in the songs when they came to perform them.[97]

In mid-2000, months before Kid A was released, Radiohead toured the Mediterranean, performing Kid A and Amnesiac songs for the first time.[98] Fans shared concert bootlegs online. Colin Greenwood said: "We played in Barcelona and the next day the entire performance was up on Napster. Three weeks later when we got to play in Israel the audience knew the words to all the new songs and it was wonderful."[99] Later that year, Radiohead toured Europe in a custom-built tent without corporate logos, playing mostly new songs.[100] The tour included a homecoming show in South Park, Oxford, with supporting performances by Humphrey Lyttelton (who performed on Amnesiac), Beck and Sigur Rós.[101] According to the journalist Alex Ross, the show may have been the largest public gathering in Oxford history.[102]

Radiohead also performed three concerts in North American theatres, their first in nearly three years. The small venues sold out rapidly, attracting celebrities, and fans camped overnight.[4] In October, Radiohead performed on the American TV show Saturday Night Live. The performance shocked viewers expecting rock songs, with Jonny Greenwood playing electronic instruments, the house brass band improvising over "The National Anthem", and Yorke dancing erratically to "Idioteque".[103] Rolling Stone described the Kid A tour as "a revelation, exposing rock and roll humanity" in the songs.[97] In November 2001, Radiohead released I Might Be Wrong: Live Recordings, comprising performances from the Kid A and Amnesiac tours.[103]

Sales

[edit]

Kid A reached number one on Amazon's sales chart, with more than 10,000 pre-orders.[84] It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart,[82] selling 55,000 copies in its first day – the biggest first-day sales of the year and more than every other album in the top ten combined.[82] Kid A also debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200,[104] selling more than 207,000 copies in its first week.[105] It was Radiohead's first US top-20 album, and the first US number one in three years for any British act.[84][106] Kid A also debuted at number one in Canada, where it sold more than 44,000 copies in its first week,[105] and in France, Ireland and New Zealand. European sales slowed on 2 October 2000, the day of release, when EMI recalled 150,000 faulty CDs.[82] By June 2001, Kid A had sold 310,000 copies in the UK, less than a third of OK Computer sales.[107] It is certified platinum in the UK, Australia, Canada, France, Japan and the US.

Critical reception

[edit]
Contemporary reviews
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic80/100[108]
Review scores
SourceRating
Chicago Sun-Times[109]
Entertainment WeeklyB+[110]
The Guardian[111]
Melody Maker[112]
NME7/10[113]
Pitchfork10/10[114]
Q[115]
Rolling Stone[62]
Spin9/10[116]
The Village VoiceA−[117]

Kid A was widely anticipated.[118][32] Spin described it as the most anticipated rock record since the 1993 Nirvana album In Utero.[119] According to Andrew Harrison, the editor of Q, journalists expected it to provide more of the "rousing, cathartic, lots-of-guitar, Saturday-night-at-Glastonbury big future rock moments" of OK Computer.[90] Months before its release, Pat Blashill of Melody Maker wrote: "If there's one band that promises to return rock to us, it's Radiohead."[32]

After Kid A had been played for critics, many bemoaned the lack of guitar, the obscured vocals and the unconventional song structures.[2] Some called it "a commercial suicide note".[5] The Guardian wrote of the "muted electronic hums, pulses and tones", predicting that it would confuse listeners.[2] In Mojo, Jim Irvin wrote that "upon first listen, Kid A is just awful ... Too often it sounds like the fragments that they began the writing process with – a loop, a riff, a mumbled line of text, have been set in concrete and had other, lesser ideas piled on top."[120] The Guardian critic Adam Sweeting wrote that "even listeners raised on krautrock or Ornette Coleman will find Kid A a mystifying experience", and that it pandered to "the worst cliches" about Radiohead's "relentless miserabilism".[111] Several critics found the free jazz of "The National Anthem" discordant and unpleasant.[121][122][123]

Several critics felt Kid A was pretentious or deliberately obscure. The Irish Times bemoaned the lack of conventional song structures and panned the album as "deliberately abstruse, wilfully esoteric and wantonly unfathomable ... The only thing challenging about Kid A is the very real challenge to your attention span."[118] In the New Yorker, the novelist Nick Hornby wrote that it was "morbid proof that this sort of self-indulgence results in a weird kind of anonymity rather than something distinctive and original".[121] The Melody Maker critic Mark Beaumont called it "tubby, ostentatious, self-congratulatory, look-ma-I-can-suck-my-own-cock whiny old rubbish ... About 60 songs were started that no one had a bloody clue how to finish."[112] Alexis Petridis of The Guardian described it as "self-consciously awkward and bloody-minded, the noise made by a band trying so hard to make a 'difficult' album that they felt it beneath them to write any songs".[107] Rolling Stone published a piece mocking Kid A as humourless, derivative and lacking in songs: "Because it was decided that Radiohead were Important and Significant last time around, no one can accept the album as the crackpot art project it so obviously is."[124]

Some critics felt Kid A was unoriginal. In the New York Times, Howard Hampton dismissed Radiohead as a "rock composite" and wrote that Kid A "recycles Pink Floyd's dark-side-of-the-moon solipsism to Me-Decade perfection".[125] Beaumont said Radiohead were "simply ploughing furrows dug by DJ Shadow and Brian Eno before them".[112] The Irish Times felt the ambient elements were inferior to Eno's 1978 album Music For Airports and its "scary" elements inferior to Scott Walker's 1995 album Tilt.[118] Select wrote: "What do they want for sounding like the Aphex Twin circa 1993, a medal?"[123] In an NME editorial, James Oldham wrote that the electronic influences were "mired in compromise", with Radiohead still operating as a rock band, and concluded: "Time will judge it. But right now, Kid A has the ring of a lengthy, over-analysed mistake."[126] Rob Mitchell, the co-founder of Warp, felt Kid A represented "an honest interpretation of [Warp] influences" and was not "gratuitously" electronic. He predicted it might one day be seen in the same way as David Bowie's 1977 album Low, which alienated some Bowie fans but was later acclaimed.[127] In a retrospective, the Rolling Stone journalist Rob Sheffield wrote that the "mastery of Warp-style electronic effects" had appeared "clumsy and dated" at the time of Kid A's release.[123]

AllMusic gave Kid A a favourable review, but wrote that it "never is as visionary or stunning as OK Computer, nor does it really repay the intensive time it demands in order for it to sink in".[103] The NME was also positive, but described some songs as "meandering" and "anticlimactic", and concluded: "For all its feats of brinkmanship, the patently magnificent construct called Kid A betrays a band playing one-handed just to prove they can, scared to commit itself emotionally."[4] In Rolling Stone, David Fricke called Kid A "a work of deliberately inky, often irritating obsession ... But this is pop, a music of ornery, glistening guile and honest ache, and it will feel good under your skin once you let it get there."[62]

Spin said Kid A was "not the act of career suicide or feat of self-indulgence it will be castigated as", and predicted that fans would recognise it as Radiohead's best and "bravest" album.[116] Billboard described it as "an ocean of unparalleled musical depth" and "the first truly groundbreaking album of the 21st century".[128] The music critic Robert Christgau wrote that Kid A was "an imaginative, imitative variation on a pop staple: sadness made pretty".[117] The Village Voice called it "oblique oblique oblique ... Also incredibly beautiful."[129] Brent DiCrescenzo of Pitchfork gave Kid A a perfect score, calling it "cacophonous yet tranquil, experimental yet familiar, foreign yet womb-like, spacious yet visceral, textured yet vaporous, awakening yet dreamlike". He concluded that Radiohead "must be the greatest band alive, if not the best since you know who".[114] One of the first Kid A reviews published online, it helped popularise Pitchfork and became notorious for its "obtuse" writing.[130][131]

Jonny Greenwood argued that the tracks were short and melodic, and suggested that "people basically want their hands held through 12 'Mull Of Kintyre's".[3] Yorke said Radiohead had not attempted to alienate or confound, but that their musical interests had changed.[23] He recalled that they had been "white as a sheet" before early performances on the Kid A tour, thinking they had been "absolutely trashed". At the same time, the reaction motivated them: "There was a sense of a fight to convince people, which was actually really exciting."[132] Yorke said Radiohead felt "incredibly vindicated and happy" after Kid A reached number one in the US.[23]

At Metacritic, which aggregates ratings from critics, Kid A has a score of 80 based on 24 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".[108] It was named one of the year's best albums by publications including the Wire,[133] Record Collector,[134] Spin,[135] NME[136] and the Village Voice.[137] At the 2001 Grammy Awards, Kid A was nominated for Album of the Year and won for Best Alternative Album.[138][139]

Legacy

[edit]
Retrospective reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[51]
The A.V. ClubA[140]
Drowned in Sound10/10[141]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[142]
The Great Rock Discography9/10[143]
Pitchfork10/10[144]
Q[145]
Record Collector[146]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[147]
Under the Radar10/10[148]

In the years following its release, Kid A attracted acclaim. In 2005, Pitchfork wrote that it had "challenged and confounded" Radiohead's audience, and subsequently "transformed into an intellectual symbol of sorts ... Owning it became 'getting it'; getting it became 'anointing it'."[149] In 2015, Sheffield likened Radiohead's change in style to Bob Dylan's controversial move to rock music, writing that critics now hesitated to say they had disliked it at the time.[123] He described Kid A as the "defining moment in the Radiohead legend".[123] In 2016, Billboard argued that Kid A was the first album since Bowie's Low to have moved "rock and electronic music forward in such a mature fashion".[150] In an article for Kid A's 20th anniversary, the Quietus suggested that the negative reviews had been motivated by rockism, the tendency to venerate rock music over other genres.[151]

In a 2011 Guardian article about his negative Melody Maker review, Beaumont wrote that though his opinion had not changed, "Kid A's status as a cultural cornerstone has proved me, if not wrong, then very much in the minority ... People whose opinions I trust claim it to be their favourite album ever."[122] In 2014, Brice Ezell of PopMatters wrote that Kid A is "more fun to think and write about than it is to actually listen to" and a "far less compelling representation of the band's talents than The Bends and OK Computer".[152] In 2016, Dorian Lynskey wrote in The Guardian: "At times, Kid A is dull enough to make you fervently wish that they'd merged the highlights with the best bits of the similarly spotty Amnesiac ... Yorke had given up on coherent lyrics so one can only guess at what he was worrying about."[153]

Grantland credited Kid A for pioneering the use of internet to stream and promote music, writing: "For many music fans of a certain age and persuasion, Kid A was the first album experienced primarily via the internet – it's where you went to hear it, read the reviews, and argue about whether it was a masterpiece ... Listen early, form an opinion quickly, state it publicly, and move on to the next big record by the official release date. In that way, Kid A invented modern music culture as we know it."[83] In his 2005 book Killing Yourself to Live, critic Chuck Klosterman interpreted Kid A as a prediction of the September 11 attacks.[122] Speaking at Radiohead's induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2019, David Byrne of Talking Heads, one of Radiohead's formative influences, said: "What was really weird and very encouraging was that [Kid A] was popular. It was a hit! It proved to me that the artistic risk paid off and music fans sometimes are not stupid."[154] In 2020, Billboard wrote that the success of the "challenging" Kid A established Radiohead as "heavy hitters in the business for the long run".[93]

Accolades

[edit]

In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked Kid A number 20 on its updated "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list, describing it as "a new, uniquely fearless kind of rock record for a new, increasingly fearful century ... [It] remains one of the more stunning sonic makeovers in music history."[155] In previous versions of the list, Kid A ranked at number 67 (2012)[156] and number 428 (2003).[157] In 2005, Stylus[158] and Pitchfork named Kid A the best album of the previous five years, with Pitchfork calling it "the perfect record for its time: ominous, surreal, and impossibly millennial".[149]

In 2006, Time named Kid A one of the 100 best albums, calling it "the opposite of easy listening, and the weirdest album to ever sell a million copies, but ... also a testament to just how complicated pop music can be".[159] At the end of the decade, Rolling Stone,[160] Pitchfork[161] and the Times[162] ranked Kid A the greatest album of the 2000s. The Guardian ranked it second best, calling it "a jittery premonition of the troubled, disconnected, overloaded decade to come. The sound of today, in other words, a decade early."[163] In 2021, Pitchfork readers voted Kid A the greatest album of the previous 25 years.[164] In 2011, Rolling Stone named "Everything in Its Right Place" the 24th-best song of the 2000s, describing it as "oddness at its most hummable".[165] "Idioteque" was named one of the best songs of the decade by Pitchfork[166] and Rolling Stone,[167] and Rolling Stone ranked it #33 on its 2018 list of the "greatest songs of the century so far".[168]

Accolades for Kid A
Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Consequence of Sound US Top 100 Albums Ever[169] 2010 73
Fact UK The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s[170] 2010 7
The Guardian UK Albums of the decade[163] 2009 2
The 100 Best Albums of the 21st Century[171] 2019 16
Hot Press Ireland The 100 Best Albums Ever[172] 2006 47
Mojo UK The 100 Greatest Albums of Our Lifetime 1993–2006[173] 2006 7
NME UK The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever[174] 2006 65
The Top 100 Greatest Albums of the Decade[175] 2009 14
Paste US The 50 Best Albums Of The Decade[176] 2010 4
Pitchfork US Top 200 Albums of the 2000s[177] 2009 1
Platendraaier The Netherlands Top 30 Albums of the 2000s[178] 2015 7
PopMatters UK/US The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s[179] 2014 1
Porcys Poland The Best Albums of 2000-2009[180] 2010 2
Rolling Stone US The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[181] 2020 20
The 100 Best Albums of the Decade[160] 2009 1
The 40 Greatest Stoner Albums[182] 2013 6
Spin US Top 100 Albums of the Last 20 Years[183] 2005 48
Stylus US The 50 Best Albums of 2000–2004[184] 2005 1
Time US The All-Time 100 Albums[185] 2006 *
The Times UK The 100 Best Pop Albums of the Noughties[162] 2009 1
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die US 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[186] 2010 *
Musikexpress Germany The 50 Best Albums of the New Millennium[187] 2015 3
La Vanguardia Spain The Best Albums of the Decade[188] 2010 1
The A.V. Club US The Best Music of the Decade[189] 2009 3

(*) designates unordered list

Reissues

[edit]

Radiohead left EMI after their contract ended in 2003.[190] After a period of being out of print on vinyl, Kid A was reissued as a double LP on 19 August 2008 as part of the "From the Capitol Vaults" series, along with other Radiohead albums.[191] In 2007, EMI released Radiohead Box Set, a compilation of albums recorded while Radiohead were signed to EMI, including Kid A.[192] On 25 August 2009, EMI reissued Kid A in a two-CD "Collector's Edition" and a "Special Collector's Edition" containing an additional DVD. Both versions feature live tracks, taken mostly from television performances. Radiohead had no input into the reissues and the music was not remastered.[193]

The EMI reissues were discontinued after Radiohead's back catalogue transferred to XL Recordings in 2016.[194] In May 2016, XL reissued Kid A on vinyl, along with the rest of Radiohead's back catalogue.[195] An early demo of "The National Anthem" was included in the special edition of the 2017 OK Computer reissue OKNOTOK 1997 2017.[196] In February 2020, Radiohead released an extended version of "Treefingers", previously released on the soundtrack for the 2000 film Memento, to digital platforms.[197]

On November 5, 2021, Radiohead released Kid A Mnesia, an anniversary reissue compiling Kid A and Amnesiac. It includes a third album, Kid Amnesiae, comprising previously unreleased material from the sessions.[198] Radiohead promoted the reissue with singles for the previously unreleased tracks "If You Say the Word" and "Follow Me Around".[199] Kid A Mnesia Exhibition, an interactive experience with music and artwork from the albums, was released on November 18 for PlayStation 5, macOS and Windows.[200]

Track listing

[edit]

All tracks are written by Radiohead, except for "Idioteque", which samples "Mild und Leise" by Paul Lansky and "Short Piece" by Arthur Kreiger

No.TitleLength
1."Everything in Its Right Place"4:11
2."Kid A"4:44
3."The National Anthem"5:51
4."How to Disappear Completely"5:56
5."Treefingers"3:42
6."Optimistic"5:15
7."In Limbo"3:31
8."Idioteque"5:09
9."Morning Bell"4:35
10."Motion Picture Soundtrack" (includes hidden track [note 1])7:01
Total length:49:56

Note

  1. ^ "Motion Picture Soundtrack" ends at 3:20 and features an untitled, 52-second hidden track from 4:17 to 5:09, following 57 seconds of silence, with an additional 1:51 of silence afterward. On some digital releases, it is listed as a separate track 11.

Personnel

[edit]

Credits adapted from liner notes.

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Sales certifications for Kid A
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[229] Platinum 70,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[230] 2× Platinum 200,000‡
Chile — 25,000[231]
France (SNEP)[232] Platinum 200,000*
Italy (FIMI)[233]
sales since 2009 		Gold 25,000‡
Japan (RIAJ)[234] Platinum 200,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[235] Gold 7,500^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[236] Gold 25,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[238] Platinum 479,000[237]
United States (RIAA)[240] Platinum 1,480,000[239]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[241] Platinum 1,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The bear head logo is known as "Modified Bear",[77][78] "Despot Bear",[79] "Hunting Bear"[79] and "Blinky Bear".[79][80]
  2. ^ Credited simply as "alto"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Radiohead News at Follow Me Around". Follow Me Around. 2001. Archived from the original on 10 February 2001. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Zoric, Lauren (22 September 2000). "I think I'm meant to be dead ..." The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Reynolds, Simon (July 2001). "Walking on thin ice". The Wire. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Radiohead: Kid A". NME. 23 December 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d Smith, Andrew (1 October 2000). "Sound and fury". The Observer. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Cavanagh, David (October 2000). "I can see the monsters". Q: 96–104.
  7. ^ a b "Splitting atoms with Thom Yorke". Dazed. 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  8. ^ Fricke, David (14 December 2000). "People of the Year: Thom Yorke of Radiohead". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  9. ^ Kot, Greg (2000). "Radiohead sends out new signals with 'Kid A'". Nigelgodrich.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2007.
  10. ^ Rogers, Jude (29 September 2024). "'It commemorates collective moments': Radiohead through the eyes of Colin Greenwood". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  11. ^ Randall 2004, pp. 183, 189.
  12. ^ Randall 2011.
  13. ^ a b c Kent, Nick (1 June 2001). "Happy now?". Mojo.
  14. ^ a b c Marzorati, Gerald (1 October 2000). "The post-rock band". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  15. ^ "The Friday interview: Thom Yorke". The Guardian. 22 September 2000. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  16. ^ Sterner, Daniel (July 2019). "Talk: Thom Yorke". Elektronauts. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  17. ^ "Radiohead's Guitarist Created His Own Instrument and Helped Change the Band's Music". Esquire. 14 November 2017. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  18. ^ "The Best You Can Is Good Enough: Radiohead vs. The Corporate Machine". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  19. ^ Vanhorn, Teri (12 November 1999). "Radiohead debut song during webcast". MTV News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  20. ^ Nelson, Chris (20 April 2000). "Radiohead complete recording for OK Computer follow-up". MTV News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  21. ^ O'Brien, Ed (22 July 1999 – 26 June 2000). "Ed's Diary". Archived from the original on 13 April 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
  22. ^ Yago, Gideon (18 July 2001). "Played in Full". MTV. Viacom. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  23. ^ a b c d Kot, Greg (31 July 2001). "'It's difficult justifying being a rock band'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  24. ^ a b c Yamasaki, Yoichiro; Yamashita, Erica (December 2000). "I Don't Want To Be In A Rock Band Any More". Select. EMAP.
  25. ^ "Radiohead guitarist Ed O'Brien steps up". The Face. 6 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  26. ^ Southall, Brian; Vince, Peter; Rouse, Allan (2011). Abbey Road: The Story of the World's Most Famous Recording Studios. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-676-4.
  27. ^ a b c O'Brien, Ed; Selway, Philip (25 September 2000). "Interview with Ed O'Brien and Philip Selway" (Interview). Interviewed by Paul Anderson. XFM.
  28. ^ "The 14 synthesizers that shaped modern music". The Vinyl Factory. 4 March 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h Greenwood, Jonny; Greenwood, Colin (20 October 2000). "An Interview With Jonny And Colin Greenwood". Morning Becomes Eclectic (Interview). Interviewed by Nic Harcourt. Los Angeles: KCRW.
  30. ^ a b c Swenson, Kylee (January 2001). "A Spy In the House of Music: Radiohead's Ed O'Brien Discusses Sonic Espionage". MC2: 44–47.
  31. ^ a b c Zoric, Lauren (1 October 2000). "Fitter, Happier, More Productive". Juice Magazine. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
  32. ^ a b c d Blashill, Pat (29 March 2000). "Radiohead revealed: the inside story of the year's most important album". Melody Maker. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 18 March 2007.
  33. ^ Fricke, David (21 May 2001). "Radiohead warm up with Amnesiac". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  34. ^ Pappademas, Alex (9 March 2012). "Jonny Greenwood, Radiohead's Runaway Guitarist". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  35. ^ Zoric, Lauren (October 2000). "Fitter, Happier, More Productive". Juice.
  36. ^ Lansky, Paul (2012). Cateforis, Theo (ed.). My Radiohead Adventure (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis/Routledge. p. 8. doi:10.4324/9780203086612. ISBN 9780203086612. S2CID 221172298. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  37. ^ "Thom Yorke Talks About Life in the Public Eye". NPR. 12 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  38. ^ Kennedy, Jake (November 2000). "Kid A Rock". Record Collector. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  39. ^ Atkins, Jamie (22 June 2017). "OK Computer – OKNOTOK 1997–2017". Record Collector. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  40. ^ a b Sandall, Robert; Russell, Mark (20 January 2001). "Interview with Jonny & Colin". Mixing It (Interview). Jonny and Colin Greenwood. BBC Radio. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  41. ^ "The Music Producers | Word Magazine". 3 July 2011. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  42. ^ Yoo, Noah; Monroe, Jazz (3 May 2016). "Watch Radiohead's Video for New Song 'Burn the Witch'". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  43. ^ Reilly, Dan (10 May 2016). "The 21-Year History of Radiohead's 'True Love Waits,' a Fan Favorite Two Decades in the Making". Vulture. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  44. ^ Greenwood, Jonny. "Jonny Greenwood interview". Ne Pas Avaler (Interview). Archived from the original on 1 April 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  45. ^ "No more Thom for guitar rock". NME. 1 November 2000. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  46. ^ Lin, Marvin (2010). Radiohead's Kid A. A & C Black. ISBN 978-0-8264-2343-6. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  47. ^ Dickey, Jack (22 September 2011). "Put A Björk In It: How A 14-Year-Old Album Is Still Influencing Music". Musicweek2011. Deadspin. Archived from the original on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  48. ^ Taylor, Steve (27 September 2006). The A to X of Alternative Music. London: A&C Black. p. 32. ISBN 0-8264-8217-1.
  49. ^ "Radiohead: The Escape Artists, Part Two". The Word. 7 May 2008. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  50. ^ a b Gill, Andy (31 October 2003). "So long to Jonny guitar". The Independent. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  51. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Kid A – Radiohead". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  52. ^ Segal, David (6 June 2001). "'Amnesiac': Radiohead To Remember". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 March 2019.[dead link‍]
  53. ^ Cross, Alan (2012). Radiohead: the secret history. Joe Books. ISBN 9781927002308.
  54. ^ Paoletta, Michael (7 October 2000). "Reviews & Previews – Albums". Billboard. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  55. ^ Welsh, April Clare (2 October 2015). "Radiohead's 'Kid A' – The Album's Tracks Ranked In Order Of Greatness". NME. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  56. ^ Reynolds, Simon (October 2000). "Radio Chaos". Spin. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
  57. ^ "Radiohead – Kid A". Sputnikmusic. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  58. ^ Kearney, Ryan (31 May 2016). "The Radiohead Racket". New Republic. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016.
  59. ^ "The 40 Greatest Stoner Albums". Rolling Stone. 18 April 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
  60. ^ Nicholas, Taylor (11 May 2001). "Recovering the Memory of Pop Radiohead's 'Amnesiac'". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  61. ^ Saunders, Luke (12 March 2020). "10 records to introduce you to the world of art-rock". Happy Mag. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  62. ^ a b c Fricke, David (12 October 2000). "Kid A". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  63. ^ Adams, Tim (23 February 2013). "Thom Yorke: 'If I can't enjoy this now, when do I start?'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  64. ^ Mitchum, Rob (25 August 2009). "Radiohead: Kid A: Special Collectors Edition". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  65. ^ Radiohead (December 2000). "Radiohead: They're Not So Angst-ridden Once You Get to Know Them" (Interview). Interviewed by NY Rock. Archived from the original on 31 December 2005. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  66. ^ Fricke, David (2 August 2001). "Radiohead: Making Music That Matters". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  67. ^ "'How To Disappear Completely' – Readers' Poll: The 10 Best Radiohead Songs". Rolling Stone. 12 October 2011. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  68. ^ Yamasaki, Yoichiro Yamasaki; Yamashita, Erica (December 2000). "I Don't Want To Be In A Rock Band Any More". Select.
  69. ^ Goodman, Elizabeth (12 June 2006). "Radiohead's Secret Weapon". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  70. ^ a b "Arts Diary". The Guardian. 22 November 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
  71. ^ Yorke, Thom (23 March 2008). "Thom Yorke: why I'm a climate optimist". Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  72. ^ Jones, Lucy (27 September 2013). "Stanley Donwood on the Stories Behind His Radiohead Album Covers". NME. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  73. ^ Donwood, Stanley. "Bear over a swimming pool". Slowly Downward. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  74. ^ Vozick-Levinson, Simon (3 November 2021). "'Some sort of future, even if it's a nightmare': Thom Yorke on the visual secrets of Kid A and Amnesiac". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  75. ^ a b c Donwood, Stanley (2019). There Will Be No Quiet. Thames & Hudson. pp. 73–74. ISBN 9781419737244.
  76. ^ "Radiohead's Thom Yorke is co-curating a Kid A artwork exhibition". NME. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  77. ^ a b O'Connor, Roisin (19 October 2016). "Glastonbury Festival 2017: Mysterious 'symbol' on Pyramid Stage ground sends Radiohead fans into frenzy". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  78. ^ "Radiohead – Modified Bear and Logo – 1.25" Button / Pin". Amazon. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  79. ^ a b c Robinson, Joe. "Radiohead – Best Band Logos". Diffuser.fm. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016.
  80. ^ "Source". Blender. July 2001. Archived from the original on 24 April 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  81. ^ a b c Archive-Sorelle-Saidman. "Radiohead Plan Singles, Videos For Amnesiac, Yorke Says". MTV News. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  82. ^ a b c d "'Difficult' Radiohead album is a hit". BBC News. 4 October 2000. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  83. ^ a b c d e f Hyden, Steven. "How Radiohead's Kid A kicked off the streaming revolution". Grantland. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  84. ^ a b c d e f Cohen, Warren (11 October 2000). "With Radiohead's Kid A, Capitol busts out of a big-time slump. (Thanks, Napster.)". Inside.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
  85. ^ "New Radiohead Album Floods The Internet". Billboard.com. 31 March 2003. Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  86. ^ Gold, Kerry (16 September 2000). "Control Freaks". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  87. ^ "New Yorke! New Yorke!". NME. 5 September 2000. Archived from the original on 18 October 2000. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  88. ^ Kennedey, Jake (November 2000). "Kid A Rock". Record Collector.
  89. ^ Goldsmith, Charles (18 September 2000). "Radiohead's New Marketing". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  90. ^ a b c d Harrison, Andrew (August 2020). "Almost Famous: Tales from Q's Frontline". Q. H Bauer Publishing: 50–51.
  91. ^ Sherburne, Philip (May 2003). "Sound and vision: Radiohead reinvents the music video". RES. RES Media Group: 53. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  92. ^ "7 Things From the New Radiohead Online Archive That Excite Us". Pitchfork. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  93. ^ a b c Lynch, Joe (2 October 2020). "20 years ago, Radiohead's Kid A changed the way albums were marketed". Billboard. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  94. ^ Jeremy, Gordon (12 May 2016). "Internet Explorers: The Curious Case of Radiohead's Online Fandom". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  95. ^ Farley, Christopher John (23 October 2000). "Radioactive". Time Europe. Vol. 156, no. 17. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  96. ^ Harvey, Eric (28 January 2015). "A History of Digital Album Leaks, 1993-2015". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  97. ^ a b c "Radiohead take Amnesiac on tour". Rolling Stone. 21 June 2001. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  98. ^ Oldham, James (24 June 2000). "Radiohead – Their Stupendous Return". NME. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
  99. ^ "Radiohead take Aimster". BBC News. 2 October 2000. Archived from the original on 7 March 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  100. ^ Zoric, Lauren (22 September 2000). "I think I'm meant to be dead ..." The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
  101. ^ "Rapturous return for masters of misery". BBC News. 8 July 2001. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  102. ^ Ross, Alex (21 August 2001). "The Searchers: Radiohead's unquiet revolution". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 25 May 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  103. ^ a b c Marianne Tatom Letts (8 November 2010). Radiohead and the Resistant Concept Album: How to Disappear Completely. Indiana University Press. pp. 158, 167, 219. ISBN 978-0-253-00491-8. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016.
  104. ^ "US adopts Kid A". BBC News. 12 October 2000. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  105. ^ a b "Radiohead sales fall, but 'Kid' still No. 1". Archived from the original on 31 October 2004. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  106. ^ "US Success for Radiohead". BBC News. 14 June 2001. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  107. ^ a b Petridis, Alexis (1 June 2001). "CD of the week: Radiohead: Amnesiac". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  108. ^ a b "Reviews for Kid A by Radiohead". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  109. ^ DeRogatis, Jim (3 October 2000). "'Kid A' tops new album class". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  110. ^ Browne, David (6 October 2000). "Kid A". Entertainment Weekly. No. 562. ISSN 1049-0434. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  111. ^ a b Sweeting, Adam (29 September 2000). "Mourning glories". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  112. ^ a b c Beaumont, Mark (20 September 2000). "Radiohead Kid A". Melody Maker. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  113. ^ Cameron, Keith (26 September 2000). "Radiohead – Kid A". NME. Archived from the original on 17 October 2000. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  114. ^ a b DiCrescenzo, Brent (2 October 2000). "Radiohead: Kid A". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  115. ^ Maconie, Stuart (November 2000). "Radio Ga Ga". Q (170): 96.
  116. ^ a b Reynolds, Simon (October 2000). "Radio Chaos". Spin. 16 (10): 171–72. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  117. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (13 February 2001). "Pazz & Jop Preview". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  118. ^ a b c "Are Radiohead OK?". The Irish Times. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  119. ^ Borow, Zev (November 2000). "The difference engine". Spin Magazine. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
  120. ^ Irvin, Jim (October 2000). "Boys in the bubble". Mojo.
  121. ^ a b Hornby, Nick (30 October 2000). "Beyond the Pale". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  122. ^ a b c Beaumont, Mark (11 October 2010). "Radiohead's Kid A: still not much cop". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  123. ^ a b c d e Sheffield, Rob (2 October 2015). "How Radiohead shocked the world: a 15th-anniversary salute to Kid A". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  124. ^ Kungman, Michael; Cohen, Jason (24 October 2000). "This Week: Kid A to Zzzzz — A Radiohead Reaction-ary". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 December 2000. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  125. ^ Hampton, Howard (14 January 2001). "70ss Rock: The Bad Vibes Continue". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  126. ^ James, Oldham (30 September 2000). "I was a complete fucking mess when OK Computer finished". NME.
  127. ^ Oldham, James (2020). "I was basically becoming unhinged... completely unhinged". Uncut Ultimate Music Guide: Radiohead: 55. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  128. ^ "RADIOHEAD Kid A". Billboard. Archived from the original on 4 December 2000. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  129. ^ Wolk, Douglas (3 October 2000). "Like Our New Direction?". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  130. ^ Leonard, Devin (3 May 2017). "Pitchfork grows up". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  131. ^ Enis, Eli (26 March 2020). "Everything In Its Right Place: How a Perfect 10.0 Review of Radiohead's Kid A Changed Music Criticism 20 Years Ago". Billboard. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  132. ^ Frost, Thomas (May 2019). "Thom Yorke: Daydream nation". Crack Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  133. ^ "2000 rewind". The Wire (203). January 2001. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  134. ^ The Best of 2000 (Issue #257, January 2001) (January 2001). "The best of 2000". Record Collector (257).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  135. ^ "The 20 Best Albums Of 2000". Spin. 31 December 2000. Archived from the original on 6 June 2001. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  136. ^ Soghomonian, Talia (6 November 2009). "Best Albums Of 2000 - Have Your Say". NME. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  137. ^ Christgau, Robert (1 February 2019). "2000 Pazz & Jop: Albums While They Last". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  138. ^ "43rd Annual Grammy Awards Winners". Grammy.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  139. ^ "43rd Annual Grammy Awards – 2001". Rock on the Net. Archived from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  140. ^ Phipps, Keith (1 September 2009). "Radiohead: Kid A / Amnesiac / Hail To The Thief (Deluxe Editions)". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  141. ^ Tudor, Alexander (27 March 2009). "Radiohead's Kid A - the DiS Reappraisal". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  142. ^ Larkin, Colin (2007). "Radiohead". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Vol. 6 (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 736–7. ISBN 978-0195313734.
  143. ^ Strong, Martin C. (2006). "Radiohead". The Great Rock Discography. Edinburgh: Canongate Books. p. 888. ISBN 1-84195-827-1.
  144. ^ Mitchum, Rob (25 August 2009). "Radiohead: Kid A: Special Collectors Edition". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  145. ^ "Radiohead: Kid A". Q (362): 107. August 2016.
  146. ^ "Radiohead: Kid A". Record Collector: 92. [S]uitably liberated... These are recordings with soul...
  147. ^ Sheffield, Rob (2004). "Radiohead". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 671–72. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  148. ^ Scott, Jim (3 November 2009). "Radiohead Kid A: Special Collectors Edition Capitol". Under the Radar. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  149. ^ a b "Top 100 albums of 2000–2004". Pitchfork. 7 February 2005. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  150. ^ Lynch, Joe (14 January 2016). "David Bowie Influenced More Musical Genres Than Any Other Rock Star". Billboard. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  151. ^ Cornish, Dale (28 September 2020). "Talking Heads Gone Bleep Techno: Radiohead's Kid A Turns 20". The Quietus. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  152. ^ Ezell, Brice. "Is Everything in Its Right Place? A (Polite) Dissent to 'Kid A'". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017.
  153. ^ Lynskey, Dorian (14 January 2016). "From Kid A to Straight Outta Compton – five flawed albums that became classics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  154. ^ Blistein, Jon; Wang, Amy X. (30 March 2019). "Read David Byrne's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Tribute to Radiohead". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  155. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  156. ^ "Radiohead, 'Kid A' – 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  157. ^ "RollingStone, '500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Archived from the original on 5 September 2014.
  158. ^ "The Top 50 albums, 2000–2005". Stylus magazine. 18 January 2005. Archived from the original on 6 March 2005. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  159. ^ "The All-Time 100 Albums". Time. 13 November 2006. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  160. ^ a b "100 Best Albums of the 2000s". Rolling Stone. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  161. ^ "The top 200 albums of the 2000s: 20–1 – page 2". Pitchfork. 2 October 2009. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  162. ^ a b "The 100 best pop albums of the Noughties". The Times. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2009.[dead link‍]
  163. ^ a b Thomson, Graeme (27 November 2009). "Albums of the decade: No 2: Radiohead – Kid A". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  164. ^ "The 200 best albums of the last 25 years, according to Pitchfork readers". Pitchfork. 15 October 2021. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  165. ^ "100 Best Songs of the 2000s". Rolling Stone. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  166. ^ "The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s". Pitchfork. 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  167. ^ "100 Best Songs of the 2000s". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  168. ^ "100 Greatest Songs of the Century - So Far". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  169. ^ "Consequence of Sound's Top 100 Albums Ever". Consequence of Sound. 15 September 2010. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  170. ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s". Fact. 1 December 2010. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  171. ^ "The 100 best albums of the 21st century". The Guardian. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  172. ^ "The 100 Best Albums Ever". Hot Press. 2006. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
  173. ^ "The 100 Greatest Albums of Our Lifetime 1993–2006". 2006. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  174. ^ "The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever". NME. 2006. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  175. ^ "The Top 100 Greatest Albums of The Decade". NME. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  176. ^ Brandon Stosuy (2 November 2009). "Paste's 50 Best Albums Of The Decade". Paste. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  177. ^ "The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s". Pitchfork. 2009. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  178. ^ "Top 30 albums van de jaren 00". Platendraaier. 2015. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  179. ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s: 5-1". PopMatters. 9 October 2014. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  180. ^ "100 Płyt 2000-2009 Na Świecie". Porcys. 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  181. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  182. ^ "The 40 Greatest Stoner Albums: Radiohead, 'Kid A'". Rolling Stone. 2013. Archived from the original on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  183. ^ "100 Greatest Albums, 1985–2005". Spin Magazine. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
  184. ^ "The 50 Best Albums of 2000–2004". Stylus Magazine. 2005. Archived from the original on 6 March 2005. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  185. ^ Tyrangiel, Josh; Light, Alan (13 November 2006). "The All-Time 100 albums". Time. Archived from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
  186. ^ Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (23 March 2010). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition. Universe. ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2.
  187. ^ "2000-2015: The 50 best albums of the new millennium". Musikexpress. 23 July 2015. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  188. ^ Josep Massot (27 December 2009). "'La Vanguardia' elige los álbumes de la década". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  189. ^ Murray, Noel (19 November 2009). "The Best Music of the Decade". The A.V. Club. Chicago: The Onion, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  190. ^ Nestruck, Kelly (8 November 2007). "EMI stab Radiohead in the back catalogue". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
  191. ^ "Coldplay, Radiohead to be reissued on vinyl". NME. 10 July 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  192. ^ Nestruck, Kelly (8 November 2007). "EMI stab Radiohead in the back catalogue". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
  193. ^ McCarthy, Sean (18 December 2009). "The Best Re-Issues of 2009: 18: Radiohead: Pablo Honey / The Bends / OK Computer / Kid A / Amnesiac / Hail to the Thief". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  194. ^ Christman, Ed (4 April 2016). "Radiohead's Early Catalog Moves From Warner Bros. to XL". Billboard. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  195. ^ Spice, Anton (6 May 2016). "Radiohead to reissue entire catalogue on vinyl". thevinylfactory.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  196. ^ Atkins, Jamie (22 June 2017). "OK Computer – OKNOTOK 1997-2017". Record Collector. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  197. ^ Pearis, Bill (22 February 2020). "Radiohead share extended "Treefingers" and rare remixes to digital archive". BrooklynVegan. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  198. ^ Trendell, Andrew (4 November 2021). "Radiohead – Kid Amnesiae review: a haunting secret history of two classic records". NME. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  199. ^ Martoccio, Angie (1 November 2021). "Radiohead's 'Follow Me Around' is a holy grail for fans. 20 years later, it's here". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  200. ^ Tarantola, A. (9 September 2021). "Radiohead and Epic Games team up for a virtual Kid A Mnesia exhibit". Engadget. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  201. ^ "Australiancharts.com – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  202. ^ "Austriancharts.at – Radiohead – Kid A" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  203. ^ "Ultratop.be – Radiohead – Kid A" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  204. ^ "Ultratop.be – Radiohead – Kid A" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  205. ^ "Radiohead Chart History (Canadian Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  206. ^ "Top National Sellers: Denmark" (PDF). Music & Media. 28 October 2000. p. 17.
  207. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Radiohead – Kid A" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  208. ^ "Radiohead: Kid A" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  209. ^ "Lescharts.com – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  210. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Radiohead – Kid A" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  211. ^ "GFK Chart-Track Albums: Week 40, 2000". Chart-Track. IRMA. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  212. ^ "Italiancharts.com – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  213. ^ "Charts.nz – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  214. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  215. ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  216. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  217. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  218. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Radiohead – Kid A". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  219. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  220. ^ "Radiohead Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  221. ^ "ARIA End of Year Albums Chart 2000". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  222. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 2000". Ultratop. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  223. ^ "Rapports Annuels 2000". Ultratop. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  224. ^ "Canada's Top 200 Albums of 2000". Jam!. Archived from the original on 12 August 2004. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  225. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Album 2000". dutchcharts.nl. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  226. ^ "Top de l'année Top Albums 2000" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  227. ^ "End of Year Album Chart Top 100 – 2000". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  228. ^ "Billboard 200 - 2000 Year-end charts". Billboard. 2 January 2013. Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  229. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2001 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  230. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Radiohead – Kid A". Music Canada. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  231. ^ "WARNER, EMI DEMONSTRATE DIFFERENT STYLES IN CHILE". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 22 April 2000. pp. 53, 89. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  232. ^ "French album certifications – Radiohead – Kid A" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  233. ^ "Italian album certifications – Radiohead – Kid A" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 4 April 2022. Select "2022" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Type "Kid A" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
  234. ^ "Japanese album certifications – レディオヘッド – キッドA" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved 5 October 2019. Select 2001年6月 on the drop-down menu
  235. ^ "New Zealand album certifications – Radiohead – Kid A". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  236. ^ "IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway.
  237. ^ "Albums turning 20 years old in 2021". Official Charts. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  238. ^ "British album certifications – Radiohead – Kid A". British Phonographic Industry.
  239. ^ DeSantis, Nick. "Radiohead's Digital Album Sales, Visualized". Forbes. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  240. ^ "American album certifications – Radiohead – Kid A". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  241. ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2000". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2 February 2020.

Bibliography

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kid_A&oldid=1265847261"